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Reed Library

Academic Research Starter Guide

Gather Background Information

Background information will tell you in general terms what is known about your topic. It includes things like definitions of your topic, names of people who are authorities in the field, movements or dates, important facts, etc. Background information will also help you understand the relationship of your topic to other subjects, find subcategories and issues within the subject, and locate terminology associated with your topic. Start by:

  • Asking a librarian to help you find a general or subject specific reference book, like an encyclopedia or handbook.
  • Finding out if the library has a subject specific encyclopedia on your topic.
  • Looking in the online catalog for a basic book about your topic.
  • Reviewing your lecture notes, textbook or reserve readings.

Take advantage of the bibliographies at the end of articles, chapters, etc. in these books. Write down any useful sources such as books, journals, magazines, etc. 

(Modified with permission from Dixie State)

Make a Search Strategy

Search with Quick Search to see what's available on you topic

  • Then use Books & Video to find books and ebooks
     
  • Next, identify a subject-specific Database to find journal articles
     
  • Once you've found a promising source, first collect and save your citations. Either copy and paste by finding the Cite button at the article level in the database, saving your citation to a database folder, or finding the Export button to save your citations to EndNote
     
  • Second, find a full-text copy of the article or book. Look through the article record for a PDF or HTML link and download it to a location where you can find it again. You can make a request through Prospector / Interlibrary Loan
     
  • You may also wish to use Google Scholar.  Take advantage of Google's advanced search features

Boolean Operators illustrated

Boolean Operators

After you've identified some places to start searching, you can brainstorm words and ideas to enter into your search. There are certain words that can help you connect the ideas you have in a way that will give you different kinds of results. These connector words, that include AND, OR, and NOT, are called Boolean Operators. Refer to the diagram above to see how to use the words AND, OR, and NOT to help you with your searching.

Identify Types of Information

What types of information do you need?

The first thing you should ask yourself is who is interested in your topic and would write or research about it. 

Academic subjects

Try and think of all the subjects related to your topic. For example, if you are interested in mental toughness in mountain bikers, your associated subjects are sports and psychology.

Professional organizations

Many professional organizations publish materials, like peer-reviewed academic journals, or newsletters.

Institutions

Could there be a reason any other institutions are interested in your topic? For example, any government agencies, or non-profits, or independent research projects.