Skip to Main Content
Reed Library

Geosciences

Research Overview

Definition of Research

A search or investigation directed to the discovery of some fact by careful consideration or study of a subject; a course of critical or scientific inquiry. To search into (a matter or subject); to investigate or study closely. Also, to engage in research upon (a subject, a person, etc.) Oxford English Dictionary

Scientific Research

In sciences, research usually involves physical research activities, and follows a pattern like that of an experiment and associated lab report. The physical activities may involve a traditional lab environment, or it may involve conducting investigations outdoors in nature, depending on the scope of your project.

Searching the scientific literature is also research. Finding studies and methods that other scientists have used in their investigations can help inform your own choices about methods, analyses, and interpretation of your physical research activities.

IMRaD

In general, a scientific research paper will follow the format Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion:

  1. Abstract
  2. Introduction – Why is this research being conducted? What is the research question, hypothesis or purpose of the research?
  3. Methods - When, where and how and what kinds of data were collected and analyzed?
  4. Results - What happened? What did the study find?
  5. Discussion – Why does this study matter? What have other studies found that were similar or different from these results?
  6. Conclusion

IMRAD format diagram for scientific papers

 

Interpretations of Research - What does it mean to you? 

What it means to you depends largely on the context of your assignments or interests. There are many components to the idea of research, some of which are listed below. 

  • Finding a topic, initially quite broad perhaps, but narrowing it down by….
  • ….Developing a research question or thesis statement
  • Locating resources to provide information about the topic (and to help answer the research question)
  • Evaluating resources to determine if they are appropriate for your work
  • Reading the resources
  • Organizing the data and information you find in/from the resources
  • Analyzing the info and putting it all together (synthesis) in a way such that the research question or thesis statement is resolved
  • Writing it up in a paper or a lab report
  • Citing the resources used and creating a bibliography
  • Presenting the information